Previous Page  96 / 144 Next Page
Information
Show Menu
Previous Page 96 / 144 Next Page
Page Background

376

levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Annals of neurology.

1999;46(5):732-8.

19. Vitek JL, Giroux M. Physiology of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic

movement disorders: model for dyskinesia. Ann Neurol.

2000;47(4 Suppl 1):S131-40.

20. de Lau LM, Breteler MM. Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease.

The Lancet Neurology. 2006;5(6):525-35.

21. Haaxma CA, Bloem BR, Borm GF, Oyen WJ, Leenders KL, Eshuis

S, et al. Gender differences in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of

neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 2007;78(8):819-

24.

22. Van Den Eeden SK, Tanner CM, Bernstein AL, Fross RD,

Leimpeter A, Bloch DA, et al. Incidence of Parkinson’s disease:

variation by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. American

journal of epidemiology. 2003;157(11):1015-22.

23. Schrag A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Brown R, Marsden CD, Quinn N.

Young-onset Parkinson’s disease revisited--clinical features,

natural history, and mortality. Movement disorders : official

journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 1998;13(6):885-

94.

24. Kalia LV, Lang AE. Parkinson’s disease. Lancet. 2015.

25. Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH,

Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, et al. Meta-analysis of early nonmotor

features and risk factors for Parkinson disease. Annals of

neurology. 2012;72(6):893-901.

26. Suchowersky O, Reich S, Perlmutter J, Zesiewicz T, Gronseth

G, Weiner WJ. Practice Parameter: diagnosis and prognosis

of new onset Parkinson disease (an evidence-based

review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee

of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology.

2006;66(7):968-75.

27. Driver JA, Kurth T, Buring JE, Gaziano JM, Logroscino G.

Parkinson disease and risk of mortality: a prospective

comorbidity-matched cohort study. Neurology. 2008;70(16

Pt 2):1423-30.

28. Lang AE, Lozano AM. Parkinson’s disease. First of two parts.

The New England journal of medicine. 1998;339(15):1044-

53.

29. Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Jahanshahi M, Krack P, Litvan I,

Macias R, Bezard E, et al. Initial clinical manifestations

of Parkinson’s disease: features and pathophysiological

mechanisms. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(12):1128-39.

30. Fahn S, Libsch LR, Cutler RW. Monoamines in the human

neostriatum: topographic distribution in normals and

in Parkinson’s disease and their role in akinesia, rigidity,

chorea, and tremor. Journal of the neurological sciences.

1971;14(4):427-55.

31. Marras C, Lang A. Parkinson’s disease subtypes: lost in

translation? Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and

psychiatry. 2013;84(4):409-15.

32. Jankovic J, McDermott M, Carter J, Gauthier S, Goetz C,

Golbe L, et al. Variable expression of Parkinson’s disease:

a base-line analysis of the DATATOP cohort. The Parkinson

Study Group. Neurology. 1990;40(10):1529-34.

33. Muslimovic D, Post B, Speelman JD, De Haan RJ, Schmand

B. Cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease: a prospective

longitudinal

study.

Journal

of

the

International

Neuropsychological Society : JINS. 2009;15(3):426-37.

34. Chaudhuri KR, Odin P, Antonini A, Martinez-Martin P.

Parkinson’s disease: the non-motor issues. Parkinsonism

Relat Disord. 2011;17(10):717-23.

35. Duncan GW, Khoo TK, Yarnall AJ, O’Brien JT, Coleman SY,

Brooks DJ, et al. Health-related quality of life in early

Parkinson’s disease: the impact of nonmotor symptoms.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement

Disorder Society. 2014;29(2):195-202.

36. Tolosa E, Compta Y, Gaig C. The premotor phase of Parkinson’s

disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2007;13

Suppl:S2-7.

37. Siderowf A, Lang AE. Premotor Parkinson’s disease: concepts

and definitions. Movement disorders : official journal of the

Movement Disorder Society. 2012;27(5):608-16.

38. Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rub U, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN,

Braak E. Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic

Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2003;24(2):197-211.

39. Hely MA, Reid WG, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JG.

The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease:

the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Movement

disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

2008;23(6):837-44.

40. Emre M. Clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment of

dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. Handbook of

clinical neurology. 2007;83:401-19.

41. Aarsland D, Larsen JP, Tandberg E, Laake K. Predictors

of nursing home placement in Parkinson’s disease: a

population-based, prospective study. Journal of the

American Geriatrics Society. 2000;48(8):938-42.

42. Litvan I, Goldman JG, Troster AI, Schmand BA, Weintraub

D, Petersen RC, et al. Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive

impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Movement Disorder

Society Task Force guidelines. Movement disorders : official

journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2012;27(3):349-

56.

43. Janvin CC, Larsen JP, Aarsland D, Hugdahl K. Subtypes of mild

cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: progression

to dementia. Movement disorders : official journal of the

Movement Disorder Society. 2006;21(9):1343-9.

44. Gasca-Salas C, Clavero P, Garcia-Garcia D, Obeso JA,

Rodriguez-Oroz MC. Significance of visual hallucinations

and cerebral hypometabolism in the risk of dementia in

Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Human brain mapping. 2015.

45. Aarsland D, Bronnick K, Williams-Gray C, Weintraub D,

Marder K, Kulisevsky J, et al. Mild cognitive impairment in

Parkinson disease: a multicenter pooled analysis. Neurology.

2010;75(12):1062-9.

46. Williams-Gray CH, Evans JR, Goris A, Foltynie T, Ban M,

Robbins TW, et al. The distinct cognitive syndromes of

[REV. MED. CLIN. CONDES - 2016; 27(3) 363-379]