390
10. Stoessl AJ. Neuroimaging in Parkinson’s Disease. Vol. 8,
Neurotherapeutics. 2011. p. 72–81.
11. Savica R, Rocca W a, Ahlskog JE. When does Parkinson disease
start? Arch Neurol. 2010;67(7):798–801.
12. Brooks DJ. Detection of preclinical Parkinson’s disease with
PET. Geriatrics. 1991;46 Suppl 1:25–30.
13. Berg D, Postuma R, Adler C. MDS research criteria for prodromal
Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30(12):1600–11.
14. Del Tredici K, Rüb U, De Vos R a I, Bohl JRE, Braak H. Where
does parkinson disease pathology begin in the brain? J
Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2002;61(5):413–26.
15. Politis M. Neuroimaging in Parkinson disease: from research
setting to clinical practice. Nat Rev Neurol. Nature Publishing
Group; 2014;10(12):708–22.
16. Brooks DJ. The role of structural and functional imaging in
Parkinsonian states with a description of PET technology. Vol.
28, Seminars in Neurology. 2008. p. 435–45.
17. Stoessl AJ, Martin WW, McKeown MJ, Sossi V. Advances
in imaging in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol.
2011;10(11):987–1001.
18. Tuite P. Magnetic resonance imaging as a potential biomarker
for Parkinson’s disease. Transl Res. Elsevier Inc.; 2015;1–13.
19. Noh Y, Sung YH, Lee J, Kim EY. Nigrosome 1 Detection at 3T
MRI for the Diagnosis of Early-Stage Idiopathic Parkinson
Disease: Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy and Agreement on
Imaging Asymmetry and Clinical Laterality. Am J Neuroradiol .
2015 Nov 1;36 (11 ):2010–6.
20. Elsinga P. Nuclear Medicine Imaging Tracers for Neurology.
In: PET and SPECT in Neurology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg;
2014. p. 3–30.
21. Rahmim A, Zaidi H. PET versus SPECT: strengths, limitations
and challenges. Nucl Med Commun. 2008;29(3):193–207.
22. Wise R. Dopamine, learning and motivation. Nat Rev Neurosci.
2004;5(6):483–94.
23. Brooks DJ, Pavese N. Recent imaging advances in the diagnosis
and management of Parkinson’s disease. F1000 Med Rep.
2009;1(October):1–4.
24. Kish S. Uneven pattern of dopamine loss in the striatum of
patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med.
1988;318(14):876–80.
25. Stoessl A.J. Neuroimaging in Parkinson’s disease: from
pathology to diagnosis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord.
2012;18:S55–9.
26. Brooks D, Ibanez V, Sawle G. Differing patterns of striatal
18Fdopa uptake in Parkinson’s disease, multiple system
atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol.
1990;28(4):547–55.
27. Brooks DJ. Examining Braak’s hypothesis by imaging
Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2010;25(SUPPL. 1).
28. Blesa J, Pifl C, Sanchez-Gonzalez MA, Juri C, Garcia-
Cabezas MA, Ad??nez R, et al. The nigrostriatal system in
the presymptomatic and symptomatic stages in the MPTP
monkey model: A PET, histological and biochemical study.
Neurobiol Dis. 2012;48(1):79–91.
29. Lin S-C, Lin K-J, Hsiao I-T, Hsieh C-J, Lin W-Y, Lu C-S, et
al. In Vivo Detection of Monoaminergic Degeneration
in Early Parkinson Disease by 18F-9-Fluoropropyl-(+)-
Dihydrotetrabenzazine PET. J Nucl Med. 2014;55(1):73–9.
30. Laihinen A, Rinne J, Rinne U. [18F]6Fluorodopa PET scanning
in Parkinson’s disease after selective COMT inhibition with
nitecapone (OR462). Neurology. 1992;42(1):199–199.
31. Loane C, Politis M. Positron emission tomography
neuroimaging in Parkinson’s disease. Vol. 3, American Journal
of Translational Research. 2011. p. 323–41.
32. Moore RY, Whone AL, McGowan S, Brooks DJ. Monoamine
neuron innervation of the normal human brain: An 18F-DOPA
PET study. Brain Res. 2003;982(2):137–45.
33. Morrish P, Sawle G, Brooks D. An dopa–PET and clinical
study of the rate of progression in Parkinson’s disease. Brain.
1996;119(2):585–91.
34. Pavese, N., Rivero-Bosch, M., Lewis, S. J., Whone, A. L., & Brooks
DJ. Progression of monoaminergic dysfunction in Parkinson’s
disease: a longitudinal 18 F-dopa PET study. Neuroimage.
2011;56(3):1463–8.
35. Moore RY, Whone AL, Brooks DJ. Extrastriatal monoamine
neuron function in Parkinson’s disease: An 18F-dopa PET
study. Neurobiol Dis. 2008;29(3):381–90.
36. Kaufman MJ, Madras BK. Severe depletion of cocaine
recognition sites associated with the dopamine transporter in
Parkinson’s-disease striatum. Synapse. 1991;9(1):43–9.
37. Roussakis A, Politis M, Towey D, Piccini P. Serotonin-to-
dopamine transporter ratios in Parkinson disease Relevance
for dyskinesias. Neurology. 2016;86(12):1152–8.
38. Stoessl AJ, Halliday GM. DAT-SPECT diagnoses
dopamine depletion, but not PD. Movement Disorders.
2014;29(14):1705–6.
39. Kägi G, Bhatia KP, Tolosa E. The role of DAT-SPECT in movement
disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81(1):5–12.
40. Brooks DJ, Pavese N. Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson’s
disease. Vol. 95, Progress in Neurobiology. 2011. p. 614–28.
41. Suwijn SR, Berendse HW, Verschuur CV, Winogrodzka A, de Bie
RM, Booij J. SERT-to-DAT ratios in early Parkinson’s disease do
not correlate with the development of dyskinesias. EJNMMI
Res. 2013;3(1):44.
42. Kraemmer J, Kovacs GG, Perju-Dumbrava L, Pirker S, Traub-
Weidinger T, Pirker W. Correlation of striatal dopamine
transporter imaging with post mortem substantia nigra cell
counts. Mov Disord. 2014;29(14):1767–73.
43. Snow BJ, Tooyama I, McGeer EG, Yamada T, Calne DB,
Takahashi H, et al. Human positron emission tomographic
[18F]fluorodopa studies correlate with dopamine cell counts
and levels. Ann Neurol. 1993;34(3):324–30.
44. Pirker W, Asenbaum S, Hauk M, Kandlhofer S, Tauscher J,
Willeit M, et al. Imaging serotonin and dopamine transporters
with 123I-beta-CIT SPECT: binding kinetics and effects of
normal aging. J Nucl Med. 2000;41(1):36–44.
45. Sixel-Döring F, Liepe K, Mollenhauer B, Trautmann
E, Trenkwalder C. The role of 123I-FP-CIT-SPECT in
[REV. MED. CLIN. CONDES - 2016; 27(3) 380-391]